![]() Answer C: The hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) is the primary motor nerve supplying the tongue. This type of injury would often lead to ipsilateral facial paralysis. The facial nerve courses within the parotid gland and injuries to the parotid gland can often sever the nerve. In addition, the facial nerve also controls salivary excretion, tear formation, and also transmits taste sensation from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. These muscles are principally located superficially on the face and the nerve does not control deeper muscles, such as those of the soft palate. Answer B: The facial nerve (CN VII) is one of the twelve cranial nerves and is primarily responsible for controlling the muscles of facial expression. Answer A: The vestibulocochlear nerve (auditory vestibular nerve), known as the eighth cranial nerve, transmits sound and equilibrium (balance) information from the inner ear to the brain. This means that the vagus nerve is the primary parasympathetic controller of the heart, lungs, pancreas, stomach, and bowel. The vagus nerve provides parasympathetic fibers to all of the body’s vital organs from the neck all the way to the transverse colon. These muscles are important for elevation of the soft palate during swallowing as well as the initiation of esophageal peristalsis. The vagus nerve also has motor components that control movement of the cricothyroid muscle, levator veli palatini, palatoglossus, palatopharyngeus muscle, and the superior/middle/inferior pharyngeal constrictors. The vagus nerve (CN X) is an extremely important cranial nerve that serves as the primary parasympathetic innervation to most of the body as well as supplying important motor innervation to the soft palate. Oral Cavity." The Big Picture: Gross Anatomy. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2012 Morton, David A., et al. Anatomy." CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment in Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, 3e. The pharynx contains many unique structures and muscles that serve to aid swallowing and propulsion of food towards the stomach, as well as other structures such as cilia and mucus secreting cells that serve to clean inhaled air. The oropharynx lies directly behind the oral cavity and connects with the esophagus after passing through the epiglottis. Answer E: The oropharynx is an important organ in the body that is part of the digestive system as well as serves as the conducting zone for the respiratory system. The mental space is not involved in the formation of the hard palate. Along with many of the other spaces of the head and neck, it can be inflamed due to the presence of pus from an odontogenic infection such as a tooth abscess. Answer C: The mental space is potential space located bilaterally in the chin between the mentalis muscle and the platysma muscle. This is space is clinically relevant because infections, particularly those from mandibular molar tooth abscesses can track within this space and can lead to Ludwig’s angina, pain, swelling, and erythema of the lower jaw and upper neck. The space forms the region known as the submandibular triangle found in the anterior neck. Answer B: The submandibular space is another potential space of the head and neck that is found on the superficial aspect of the mylohyoid muscle. It is clinically relevant because a hemorrhage from oral surgery or dental abscess can drain into the buccal space leading to significant swelling and pain. ![]() The buccas space is formed by the contours of the masseter muscle, the zygomatic process of the axilla, and the angle of the mouth. A potential space is an area that is not a distinct cavity on its own, but can serve as a conduit for the transmission of fluid or pathogens to different areas of the body. ![]() Answer A: The buccal space is a fascial space in the head and neck that serves as a potential space in the cheek. The nasal cavity has numerous functions including cleaning inhaled air of pathogens and dust as well as serving as a drainage point for the paranasal sinuses. The nasal cavity is an air filled space that lies posterior to the nose and serves as the primary point of air entry into the body. The palatine bone is not directly connected or involved with the temporomandibular joint. The palatine bone is important for the oral cavity as it differentiates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity. The palatine bone is an important component of the oral cavity as it is the primary component forming the hard palate on the superior surface of the oral cavity. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |